Adolescent Behaviors and the Challenges in Society Today Essay Example for Free

Adolescent Behaviors and the Challenges in Society Today EssayIncreased aw beness inevitably to be established so that adults bear be awargon of adolescent looks and challenges in our alliance instantly. Some issues as simple as callows are existence ostracized be birth of obesity, m diametrics work schedule causing raving mad behaviors, children existence raised by demoralize stupefys, arouse stress causing teenages non to control good self-concept, and teenagers being involved in chancey behavior in order to be accepted by equals. All of these actions are causing behaviors such as stripling pregnancy, self-injuries, self-annihilation, and take ining disorders. look for states numerous of these behaviors have high statistics coming from the home environment. The United States having the highest teen pregnancy step all around, what are parents doing wrong and how can society be educated so that behaviors can change with adolescents in the world to day. With increased awareness of what adolescents are doing, adults can be subservient to adolescents who are so desperately in imply of attention?A family needs to raise their children in a Christian setting so they will have a solid foundation when they set up into adolescents because, they need to be strong enough to give the challenges, peer pressures, and behaviors of our adolescents who are not raised to enjoy right from wrong in their environment. Because of reality of society all adolescents will be challenged to deal with other adolescent behaviors. Adolescents cant be put into a bubble and be protected from what society has to offer. Society is certainty that thither is lack of guidance for adolescents in the world today. Is society proof that there is lack of guidance for adolescents in the world today? inquiry proves lack of guidance is evident. In this pack investigate says that adolescent problems can stem from weight problems, peer pressure, parents work sc hedule, and parent stress, causing many different behaviors in adolescents.See more(prenominal)(prenominal)The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis EssayThe countersign in one of the articles researched says that social status for adolescents depend on how your body is developed. Girls and boys are not being accepted or are not favorite by peers if they are threatening. Adolescent girls are more popular if they have the perceived body size and the boys popularity depends on the overall muscularity of his body (Wang,S.S., Houshyar, Prinstein, 2006). The research in this article is based on 522 students in grades 11 and 12. (Wang, 2006) The research was discovered by students choosing popular kids and not so popular kids and results being those popular kids, having the perceived bodies being popular and the not so popular kids being overweight (Wang, 2006).This research states Messages within the media or family promoting idea body shapes whitethorn be reinforced within adolescent s own peer groupings and associated with social rewards that are particularly salient during this developmental stage (Wang, 2006). Adolescents who desire to achieve high levels of status among peers may be motivated to engage in behaviors that will help them achieve an ideal body shape. (Wang, 2006) Do adolescents have to be socially ostracized by peers to be motivated to look the same as others to be accepted? Are we accepting these behaviors from adolescents, that they should ostracized by anyone? With appropriate guidance and education, we can help adolescents with weight problems instead of adolescents wanting to lose weight to be accepted by peers.The cultural idea for adolescents is to be melt off and trim and when they are not slim and trim they react with different somas of eating disorders. Psychological consequences may be particularly severe during a time of life when body image is of special concern (Feldman, 2011). Anorexia is a disorder when the person refuses to e at because they are afraid of fillting fat. ( 2011) When our adolescents dont get the proper diet it can cause health problems and psychological problems in our children. Feldman states obesity is the most common problem with our adolescents stating that, One in 5 adolescents is overweight, and 1 in 20 can be formally classified as obese (Feldman, 2011)Our schoolbook states why our children are becoming overweight and not getting the exercise they need to burn the calories they are eating.(2011) It is a challenge to go past a fast food place because of the affordable prices and availability. It is a challenge for familys to eat at home. The text alike states a disorder called bulimia which adolescents eat large amounts of food and then they vomit it out of their system.(2011) These disorders are very serious and can go away to many health problems. The challenge for adolescents to have the perceived body weight is hurtful to those who are considered overweight or obese. This ide a of perceived body weight is causing first gear which causes risky behaviors for adolescents.Another typeface that shows guidance is vital is in this article about peer pressure and friend influences. The article states how our adolescents are being influenced by peer pressure. Do our adolescents have to join the group norms to be accepted or are they strong enough to say no and still be liked by the group? In this research there are two categories of friends called shelter friends and un electrostatic friends. Who influence who? According to research the more accepted friend had greater influence than the less accepted friend after the experience was established ( Laursen, 2012). When the stable friends were paired up with the unstable friends, the stable friends were influencing the unstable friends. (2012 ) The stable friends being the popular group and the unstable friend being the less popular group the unstable group was being pressured by the stable groups (Laursen, B., Hafen, C. A., Kerr, M., Stattin, H (2012). Research stated that the unstable friends did not influence the stable friends. (2012)The stable friends were influencing to the unstable friends because of their status in who they were and the unstable friends were being accepted. The research shows how adolescents alter behaviors so that they will agree in even when it comes to alcohol consumption and other deviant behaviors (Laursen, 2012). This is a challenge even for the stable friends to be able to say no to the alcohol and other deviant behaviors. If parents would teach their children about peer pressure, use the word as some(a)thing happens, the children would know when an issue comes up and they said they did it because everyone else did, let them know they allowed themselves to do the wrong thing because of peer pressure. How something as simple as parental work schedules cause risky behaviors in adolescents. Why are parental work schedules vital when it comes to adolescent ris ky behaviors? What are adolescents doing maculation parents are at work?The article provides new evidence on the pathways linking parental work schedules with adolescent risky behaviors( Han, W.-J., Miller, D. P., Waldfogel, J. (2010). The research states that social classs of night shift work for gets indicate that the relationship between their children are not developed as to mothers who work day time jobs.(2010) Parents working to make a nutriment are having to sacrifice having a relationship with their children. As these parents work it allows more freedom for risky behaviors. Also, go parents are working different shifts research indicates that parents dont know what their children are doing or where their children are.(2010) effects were particularly evident when parents work such schedules during childrens middle childhood days but were also evident during preschool years and previous(predicate) adolescence(Han, 2010).Our analyses by childrens developmental stage su ggest that the number of years parents worked nonstandard hours at various stages of childhood influence adolescent outcomes, but in different ways depending on the stage when nonstandard shift work occurred. These results make sense given that children face very different developmental tasks during these different stages. In the middle childhood years mark a time of important changes related to school transitions, developmental advances that establish childrens sense of identity, and developing relationships with parents and peers. These years serve as a foundation for later development, and experiences during these periods can have lasting effects. (Han, 2010)The risky behaviors rivet on in this article while parents are working was, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, drug use, delinquency, and cozy behavior. With evidence of all these behaviors in adolescents because of parents work schedule, parental guidance is vital in our society today so that these behaviors will be recognize d by parents so they will know that their adolescent needs some attention. This article provides facts about how much parent stress is apparent toward parenting behavior and how it reflects adolescents self-concept?According to the findings in this article, parent behavior reflected on their stress that they deal with daily? How does the parent behavior affect the adolescents self-concept? The article debates how the lax parents and stern parents reactions are toward adolescents self-concept. The parents relationship to the child contributes to the childs self-concept and well-being. Without self-worth how can adolescents achieve what they need to accomplish in their life as they grow into adulthood. Putnick, D.L., Bornstein, M. H., Hendricks, C., Painter, K.M., Suwalsky, J.T. D.Collins, W.A. (2008)Why is society having so many problems with adolescents? inhibit parental guidance is vital so that adolescents can grow into healthy men and woman. However, we have adolescents exploit ation up and being exposed to many different challenges. Being raised by a mother who has dealt with depression, the article states that the children are the caretakers of the siblings and the house. (2009) The authors stated that they observed a 13-year old boy talked about regularly preparing dinner for his mother and younger sibling ( instrumental caretaking) and a 9-year old girl offered suggestions to her mother for ways to feel remediate and reduce her stress at work, including setting up and appointment to talk with her boss. (Emotiona l caretaking) (Champion,Jaser, Reeslund, Simmons, Potts, Shears,Ccompas, (2009).Emotional and instrumental caretaking were significantly correlated with greater self-reported anxiety-depression symptoms only among adolescents whose mothers had a history of depression (Champion, 2009).The research states that mothers think there children are more capable if they are preforming emotional caretaking however the children feel more anxiety and dep ression when they are preforming those task (Champion, 2009). How do these children stand a chance to grow and develop their needs if they are caring for depressed mother? The challenges these children face are tremendous as they grow into adult hood. They entirely missed childhood and all their lives saw their mother cry, take overdose and the many other behaviors that depressed people do. These children grow cold of emotions. They dont know how to express except the way their mother expressed. How do we expect them to grow up as good citizens?The United States having the highest teen pregnancy rate of all other countries is not making a good statement of how adolescents are seeking to get the attention they need. The authors in this article state that a disturbing discovery that the percentage of apparently spontaneous sex among female teens is a significant social problem, around 13% for ages 15-19 by one friendship (Thomas and Dimitrox, 2007). Also another alarming fact disco vered is that over half of teens ages 15-19 have had oral sex, including around 25% who have not engaged in vaginal sex (2007). Seeing it as a strategy to avoidpregnancies, many teens believe that oral sex avoids the prospect of STDs including HIV/AIDS. (Thomas, and Dimitrox (2007). Research detects that direct effects of teen pregnancy are coming from background variables such as family poverty, early school failure, and dysfunctional family systems. Some research suggests that most of the economic consequences of early childbearing can be explained by family background variables.(Thomas and Dimitrox, 2007) However, research is not saying that all teen pregnancies are coming from these variables. new-fangled data suggest that the number of children living in poverty in the United States would have rise by 8.3% if the teen birth rates had not declined as they did for the years 1991-2003 (Thomas , 2007). Education to adolescents and parents is vital. There are so many grandparents raising the adolescents babies. The adolescents never have to take responsibility for their action because they have mortal to raise their child.What do they do but go have another child for their parents. Even more hurtful than teen pregnancy, would be facing a knock on the door telling you youre adolescent tried to commit self-annihilation or even worse committed suicide. The institute of euphony defines a suicide attempt as a nonfatal, self-inflicted destructive act with the explicit or implied cloaked to die. (Hausmann, C., Kuhlberg, J., A., Zayas, L.H., Nolle, A., P., Cintron, S., L. 2012) We often think that these things cant happen to us until we are face with the issue at hand. Research says that depression is the number one disorder diagnosed among adolescents( Hausmann, 2012).Research also states that depression is associated with the greatest risk of suicide attempts.(2012) Adolescents are using objects in their homes to commit suicide such as, drug overdose, knives , pieces of glass, nail files, and guns (Hausmann, 2012). less(prenominal) common attempting methods were jumping off buildings, suffocating by placing plastic bags over their heads, and trying to hang themselves (Hausmann, 2012). The legal age of adolescents in this study had a lifetime history of two to more than six previous suicide attempts (Hausmann, 2012). The authors state that the Latino population adolescents are at high risk forattempted suicide (Hausmann, 2012). Latino population for the youth is up to 41% in the US(Hausmann,2012). The 76 adolescents in this study have already tried suicide 2 or 3 times. The article states that adolescents will try suicide in the next 3 or 4 months and may continue trying suicide up to the next 12 years. (Hausmann, 2012) Talk about a heartbreaking behavior for parent, siblings, whom ever involved. If parents could get some education on some of these behaviors, to reinforce that there is a problem with Adolescents growing up in society t oday. The structure of the family for the last couple decades has changed in many ways.With an increase in the number of parents who both(prenominal) work outside of the home, soaring divorce rate, and a rise in single-parent families, the environment faced by children passing through middle childhood in the 21st century is very different from that faced by prior generation (Feldman, 2011 pg.332). Conclusion is that a family needs to raise their children in a Christian setting so they will have a solid foundation when they grow into adolescents because, they need to be strong enough to face the challenges, peer pressures, and behaviors of adolescents today. Adolescents who go to church are not free from this kind of behaviors but have a solid rock to stand on if they know the Lord. Is society proof that there is lack of guidance for adolescents in the world today?ReferenceChampion, J. E., Jaser, S. S., Reeslund, K. L., Simmons, L., Potts, J. E., Shears, A. R., Compas, B. E. (2009) . Caretaking behaviors by adolescent children of mothers with and without a history of depression. Journal of Family Psychology 23(2), 156-166 . Feldman S.R., (2011). Food, and Eating Disorders Fueling the Growth of Adolescence, Development across the Life Span, Pg.365. Grella, C. E., Stein, J. A., Greenwell, L. (2005). Associations among puerility Trauma, Adolescent Problem Behaviors, and Adverse Adult Outcomes in Substance-Abusing Women Offenders. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(1), 43-53. Han, W.-J., Miller, D. P., Waldfogel, J. (2010). Parental work schedules and adolescent riskybehaviors. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1245-1267. Hausmann-Stabile, C., Kuhlberg, J. A., Zayas, L. H., Nolle, A. P., Cintron, S. L. (2012). Means, intent, lethality, behaviors, and psychiatric diagnosis in Latina adolescent suicide attempters. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 43(3), 241-248. Laursen, B., Hafen, C. A., Kerr, M., Stattin, H. (2012). Friend influence over adoles cent problem behaviors as a function of relative peer acceptance To be liked is to be emulated. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(1), 88-94. Nock, M. K., Holmberg, E. B., Photos, V. I., Michel, B. D. (2007). Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview Development, reliability, and validity in an adolescent sample. Psychological Assessment, 19(3), 309-317.Putnick, D. L., Bornstein, M. H., Hendricks, C., Painter, K. M., Suwalsky, J. T. D., Collins, W. A. (2008). Parenting stress, perceived parenting behaviors, and adolescent self-concept in European American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(5), 752-762. Thomas, C.L., Dimitrov, D. M. (2007). Effects of a teen pregnancy prevention program on teens attitudes toward sexuality A latent trace modeling approach. Developmental Psychology, 43(1), 173-185.

Building Nsanje Port on Shire Zambezi Waterway

Building Nsanje Port on shire Zambezi peeway device DescriptionMalawi is a landlocked country that relies on Mozambi dissolve ports on the Indian Ocean for transportation of imported and exported goods. The stomach forget open new doors for Malawi and sign up transport costs. Currently Malawi uses Beira and Nacala port in Mozambique from which transporters cover a return distance of ab proscribed 1700km from Blantyre. Using Nsanje port, transporters now will cover a distance of 238 km for a return journey to Blantyre as opposed to Beira port. Reduction in transport costs may lead to reduction of other goods such as agricultural in corrects. This will be a get ahead to the Malawians who depend on agriculture for their economy and it will also correct food security in the country.The befuddle will also depart Malawi with a multimodal transport linkage to other land locked countries of Zimbabwe and Zambia the spate of Nsanje district will be empowered soci tot allyy and econ omically due to new infrastructure and markets that will be established to support the services of the port the visual setting of Nsanje district will improve with the building of the port creation of temporary and permanent jobs time saving and reduction on give birth and tear of vehicles due to reduced travel distance.Though the project will have positive effect but will also have negative impactions such as loss of fishing field of view and income for fishermen who used to fish a eagle-eyed the shire river air and water supply pollution due to construction doing that will take place on the site the project will affect the water species imbed along this area of the Shire river empowerment of people socially and economically may increase the bedcover of HIV and AIDS as this districts already has high percentage of HIV patients due to cultural beliefs urbanization due to viable surroundings for small scale and large scale businesses inhering visual scenery will be affect ed by new built structures, risk to flooding along the Shire river conflicts with hosting communities and negative influences on religion and local culture. arrangementThe project will be located at Nsanje District in Malawi. Malawi is located between latitudes of 09 and 17 s turn uph and longitudes of 33 and 37 east. Malawi is bordered by Zambia in the East, Tanzania in the North and Mozambique in the South and West. Nsanje District Assembly is found at the cessation of Southern Malawi where Malawi shares borders with Mozambique. It is at this place that the shire river passes along the boundary between Malawi and Mozambique flowing into Zambezi river and then to Indian Ocean through Chinned Port. The site was selected because of the wider width of the river as it connects to Zambezi River offering a better place for the port. Location map is shown in relation to the Shire River and location for the proposed port.Malawi Map masking location of Nsanje, Imagery showing location of the port, Shire River and Nacala corridor from Mozambique.MALAWIS EIA LEGISLATUREIn Malawi the Environmental Act enacted in 1996, provides the legal framework for the defense and management of the environment, the conservation and sustainable utilization of natural resources. EIA processes are outlined on section 24 of the Act to which all private and public developers must adhere to. The Act has outlined projects for which EIA is mandatory in front implementation of the project as gazetted in section 24. The section also stipulates all activities that must be carried out by the developer before both implementation. The developer has to submit a project brief to the Environmental affairs Department (EAD) who administers the environmental Act. The Director assesses the project and is supported by expertness from the technical committee of environmental affairs ( investigator) which participate in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) requirements project briefs reviews Terms of persona (ToRs) and EIA reports develop and monitor project auditing programme and recommended course of action to the Director though the director is non bound by the TEC report. The act also stipulates that only the EAD is mandated to issue out certificate chthonian section 26(3) for which an EAI is required.For thorough evaluation of project activities that might have significant impact on the environment by the port developer, the EIA is supported by assorted Malawi government Acts and policies as indicated in table 1 and other international legislatures as attached on appendix I.Malawi legal documents4.2 EIA ProcessThe EAI process is carried out in microscope stages in a project rack in which EIA requirements are integrated within the musical rhythm (EMA, 1996). The project cycle is carried out in phases and begins with a concept then pre-feasibility and feasibility studies before a detailed design and implementation phase. The objective of the cycle it to provide deta iled and up-to-date environmental selective information at key stages in the cycle. This helps the developer to cite early results from an EIA and able to take action on any significant changes and adopt them during project implementation. The project cycle also provides opportunity to the developer, consultant, relevant authorities, interested parties and the universal public to assess the impacts of the project on the environment and provide alternatives on adverse effects. The project cycle focuses on identification of negative impacts, reasonable alternatives and assessing the relevant issues so as to ensure that the EIA becomes a expedient to decision makers. All the activities in the project cycle are done through screening and scoping.4.1 covertScreening allows a project to be assessed whether an EIA is required or not and establishes the basis for scoping (Theodorsdouttir, 1999). In Malawi, screening is done through a project brief which is a document that highlights cr itical issues prepared by the developer and in this case the Malawi Government and is submitted to the Director of Environmental Affairs Department and who is supported by TEC to assess whether it requires EIA or not. Building of an inland port is among the projects that EIA is mandatory in Malawi therefore an EIA is to be carried out (EMA, 1996).4.2 ScopingScooping ensures that all relevant issues to be addressed in an EIA are established and makes sure that all relevant authorities, interested and affected parties are involved, alternatives to the project are identified and to make sure that the resources are conserve and used wisely. In Malawi, comprehensive identification of the significant impacts are based on the Terms of extension (ToRs) which are prepared by the developer and approved by the director (EMA, 1996). ToRs are identified in the scooping process. The take care I below outlines all the EIA process in Malawi.4.3 ASSESSMENT METHODThere are various methods of assessi ng environmental project impacts such as checklist, network diagrams, graphical comparisons overlays and matrices (FAO, 1995) In this assessment matrices as shown in figure 2 have been used to come up with the most significant impacts as matrices easily identify impacts in a summary form and provides better bases for evaluating most significant ones Leopold et al. (1971).4.4 Environmental intentImpacts identified in the matrices are further assessed by Stakeholders, EAD, TEC, general public and the developer to evaluate the impacts and also identify mitigation measures. In the environmental plan potential project impacts are identified in cipher to project phases as indicated in Appendix IIThe most significant impact Water pollutionThe most significant environmental impact on this project is water pollution. Water pollution is the defilement of water bodies through pollutants which are discharged directly into water bodies without adequate measures to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution may take place due to effluents derived from soil erosion, accidental spills, waste oil, fertilizers and detergents, heavy coat and pesticides, heat and micro-organisms (JICA/GOK, 1992).5.1 Significant ImpactsDrinking Water Water is considered safe if it can be used by pitying beings and other living creatures without any effect (UNEP, 1999). Polluted water is not safe for drink for the communities living along the river and can easily wipe away a large population of human beings and animals as the birds shown in figure3.Odour Sediments in the water under the structures may cause water stagnancy and after sometime the water may produce odours that may be nuisance to the people work around the areaImpact on irrigation Water polluted with chemicals and oil spills may affect irrigated crops. entertainment Polluted water will not be good for swimming or recreation as it may affect the people in contact with polluted water.To reduce water pollution, there is needine ss to provide mitigation and monitoring measures as shown in table III below.Significant impactProject ActivityPossible Mitigation measuresPrediction and Monitoring measuresWater pollutionLandfills and site development metrical site selection and layout design is important to reduce stagnation. Dredging should be carried out to remove any deposits and sediments in the waterEnhance the water law Act to punish offenders who deliberately pollute water manifestation of break waters, bays and terminalsMake a fence around the construction areaQuarterly meetings during the construction phase should be held to monitor the negative environmental impacts. TEC and EAD to monitor the activitiesDredging and disposal of dredged real(a)s fit disposal of dredged material plays an important role in preserving the environment.Monitor sediment deposits and use Secchi disk to check depth and visibility (United Nations, 1992).Waste ManagementEncourage recycling and devise proper means of disposing both solid and eloquent wasteDistrict Assembly to monitor all dumping sites and advise residents accordingly.Transportation of construction materialsProper handling of raw materials is required i.e.Cover cement and sprinkle water frequently on frigid roadsMonitor handling of the raw materials.Vessel traffic operationsAppropriate regulations should be put in place to cater for ship discharge, emissions and oil from incumbrance, ship spills and disposal of waste rehearse of atom-bomb remote sensing satellites and receivers aboard ship vessels to monitor ship movements, oil spills and grease and ship news leak in the river (Woodhouse, 2006).Use predictions models to monitor water quality such as imitation Intelligence models, Artificial Neural Network models and Mathematical assimilations (Najah et al., 2009)Cargo handling and storageSpecial equipment should be provided for handling freightage and transportation of goods and Provision should be made for periodical clean-up of floats and wastesDeveloper to monitor that cargo handling equipment is regularly servicedWaterfront and cargo operationsProvide regulations on effluent from waterfront industries and monitoring of water qualityTEC to monitor all activities probably by employing a full time environmental specialist.Transportation of goodsAll roads starring(p) to the port must have bitumen to avoid dust which may pollute the water.Stakeholders to monitor where they there expertise is required.5.2 Acts that govern the legislature for water areEnvironmental Management Act 1996 which stipulates the conservation and sustainability of utilization of natural resources and water is one of the natural resources.Water Resources Act 1969The act governs the control conservation, apportionment and use of water resources in Malawi.Water Works ActThe act makes an offence if any person willfully and negligently causes water pollution.5.3 Baseline dataBaseline data is the collection of relevant information proposed in the project with the purpose of determining the status and trends of environmental factors (e.g., water pollutant concentrations). This offers opportunities to predict changes in terms of importance and provide for means of detecting actual changes once the project is initiated. Baseline data plays an important role in EIA assessment and monitoring of environmental effects (Wathern, 1988).Alpha (1995) recommends the following data to be collected for checking water pollutionDissolved OxygenWater conductivityWater salinityTurbidityTemperaturePHUse of questionnaire to get more information from the communities around the district Assembly on the activities that take place along the riverMeasurements on sediments.Maps showing river catchments area5.3.1 Parameters for checking water qualityUNEP prescribes measurement of various parameters for assessing, water quality and these intromit-Temperature recommended is between 25 and 35Suspended solids it is recommended is 30mg/lBiochemical oxy gen Demand (5-day at 20 C) Clean water is between 4mg/l to 10 and more than 10 is considered pollutedHeavy admixture concentration should not exceed 0.1mg/l in combinationLead (PB) less than 0.1mg/lhydrargyrum (Hg) less than 0.005 mg/lSilver (Ag) , Zinc(Zn), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As) less than 0.05 mg/l atomic number 28 (nI) less than 0.3 mg/lCopper (Cu), Cyanides (CN), Hydrogen Sulphide (S) less than 1.0mg/lFree ammonia water (NH 3 ) less than 0.2mg/lPhenolic Compounds (Phenol) 0.001 mg/lNitrates (N) 10mg/lPhosphatesFloating materials oils foam and greases.Bhardwaj, 2005, point water quality criteria as shown in the table below5.4 GAPSMeasurement of water quality can only be undertaken by people with special expertise and with special equipment which cannot be used by a local person and the water measuring instruments are not up-to-date and not plentiful to cover all water bodies in the country (UNEP, 1999).ConclusionThis project has a significant impact on water which is crit ical to water species and human beings therefore mitigation measures have to be followed to reduce water pollution in the Shire river which its impacts may have an effect over a long distance and all the way to the Indian ocean and affect so many people and all water habitats.

Politics in Australian Media

Politics in Australian MediaEssay straighta management Politics is badly reported to the earthly concern because the Australian print media is laid-backly concentrated and lacks adequate accountability. critically assess this statement with examples to support your argument.In the Australian print media, a signifi rouset issue is go on to hold a common place in relevant debate. This is in regards to company ownership fit excessively concentrated with minimal accountability that is, colossal media corporations much(prenominal) as Fairfax Media are continuing to wax and take over the smaller companies within the industry. Consequences of this (amongst other things) will be discussed in this try out sloped policy-making randomness with minimal diversity existence provided to the mankind, and damage to the Australian democracy due to the deteriorating watchdog function of the media. Additionally, the poor accountability of the Australian print media will be explored includi ng its ramifications and possible solution. In this essay these key areas will be discussed through referencing relevant theories and examples.The current state of the Australian print media being extremely concentrated is leading to published political instruction being full of biases. This can be depicted through examining the Chomsky and Herman propaganda model (Chomsky Herman 2002). One of this theorys primary focuses is on the surface, ownership, and profit druthers of double media corporations and the role they play in manipulating pronounceation portrayed to the familiar. Such corporations in Australia (e.g. News Corporation) absorb grown over time to much(prenominal) sizes that they have taken over most smaller companies. With such domination, it is only expected that information presented by these giants will be fundamentally diagonal (e.g. certain information that may damage the companys financial interests would be likely to receive high censorship) (Tiffen 2006 ). For instance, during the 2013 Australian election, a significant majority of Australias newspapers supported the liberal party. As would be expected, their publications were heavily biased and were likely to have had a significant impact upon the election results. The Chomsky and Herman model has received a large amount of criticism Eli Lehrer (2004 p. 67-87) argued against the supposed corporate bias of the media, asserting that media organisations report on corporate and political corruption all the time. However, Lehrer overlooked Chomsky and Hermans (2002 p. lx) point which stated that the media in fact represents corporate and political deliberations, however it is the views that challenge the fundamental premises of these deliberations that are intentionally ignored (Chomsky Herman 2002). The role of the media in retentiveness the government in check by not only informing but also involving the public in the Australian political sphere is also being compromised.Democratic societies (like that which exists in Australia) depend upon the public being reasonably informed about the current political sphere. As the concentration of media ownership in Australia continues to become more intense, this role of the media is fading and the threads of our democracy are tearing. It is important to understand that governing cannot exist without the media in the modern era it induces a reality for us in which we are told what to think. This can be best explored through the liberal idea known as the Fourth Estate (Schultz 1998). This traditionalistic role of the media as the Fourth Estate was to provide society with a diverse and un-biased array of information on the current political sphere. Worryingly, Habermas found in his studies that by the 20th century newspapers had become so controlled by commercial interest that they no longer served the public sphere (Habermas 1989). For example, the media will often inform us with popular news (e.g. celebrity-related) that will attract more views, however this information is likely to not be in the public interest (Tiffen 2006). Democracy depends upon the State accepting criticism of its power if the public are not provided with information regarding current political issues, political participation will be extra (or tainted) and thus the whole notion of a democratic society becomes almost redundant (Schultz 1998). The power, commercial ambitions and honest weakness (Schultz 1998 p. 1) of these large media corporations gives an accurate depiction of the medias failure in the modern age to answer its role as the Fourth Estate. As a result, the negative effects of the highly concentrated Australian print media are evident. In addition, the corporate giants that endure the media industry lack adequate accountability.Media giants such as Fairfax Media and News Corporation are not being held liable for many of their actions that would have (in the past) attracted prosecution. As their size has gro wn, so has their influence and power to avoid such accountability. Journalists wield the power to portray people/ideas/events etc the way these are portrayed creates the reality within which we all live (Schultz 1998). In other words, we rely to begin with on the media for the info and imagery out of which we construct our reality of current political circumstances. Large powers such as this are often unacknowledged by the practitioners of the media due to its implication of the necessity for accountability they indispensability maximum power and minimal regulation (Noam 2009). However, protections (e.g. the implied right to the freedom of political communication) conferred on the media in Australia create a dilemma when it comes to holding it to account. It is inconsistent with the general ruler of freedom of the press to have laws that, for example, leave behind Parliament to censor media content prior to publication (prior censorship) (Noam 2009). Nonetheless, it is equally a s inconsistent with this general principle to have laws that would allow parliament to punish the media after publication for general infringements of a government-invented standard. The Finkelstein enquiry (Steward 2012) proposed a solution that could have outstanding potential in alleviating this regulatory issue. Currently, Australian print media (i.e. newspapers) is regulated by the Australian Press Council. However, this body is self-regulated and has no actual legal power. The Finkelstein review recommended an independent statutory laterality funded by the Commonwealth this would cover all media and would have the power to enforce its decisions through the courts (Steward 2012). Such a proposition may very well be the answer to ensuring the media is held accountable for its actions.This essay discussed a conversion of areas stemming from the issue of the high concentration of the Australian print media and its minimal accountability. As a result of this, political matters of importance are being very badly reported (if at all) to the public. The large corporations that now dominate the industry are heavily biased in their political views and tend to pursue profit-related endeavours over ensuring legitimate, high quality political news is provided to the public. Furthermore, the media is failing in its role as the Fourth Estate (that is, tutelage the government in check through being a watchdog for the public). And lastly, reform (such as a new independent statutory authority) is needed in order to address the growing issue of the Australian print medias minimal accountability.BibliographyHabermas, J 1989, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere An Inquiry into a category of Bourgeois Society, Polity, Cambridge.Herman, E Chomsky, N 2002,Manufacturing Consent The Political Economy of the Mass Media, Pantheon Books. p.Ix.Lehrer, E 2004, Chomsky and the Media A Kept Press and a Manipulated People, The Anti-Chomsky Reader, Encounter Books, pp. 67-87.Noam, E. M 2009,Media Ownership and Concentration in America, New York Oxford University Press.Schultz, J 1998, Reviving the Fourth Estate Democracy, Accountability and the Media, Melbourne Cambridge University Press.Steward, C 2012 Finkelstein report Medias great divide,The Australian.Tiffen, R 2006, Political economy and news, The Media and Communications in Australia, Crows Nest, N.S.W Allen Unwin, pp. 28-42.

Building on Porters Value Chain Model for Design Management

Building on Porters Value Chain beat for concept ManagementBuilding on porters value string mock up (1985), object perplexity creates value at three contrastive levels concern of pattern activities, integration of build function into all business processes and decisions to the objective vision within the company vision and strategy (Sinha, 2002).What is stick out? Design is a process of seeking to optimise consumer satisfaction and company profitableness th crude the creative wont of major intention elements (performance, quality, durability, appearance and cost) in connection with crops, environments, information and corporate identity (P Kotler, GA Rath, 1984).It involves a capacious range of professions in which products, graphics, services, interiors and architecture all take part. Design is a problem solving, systematic, creative and a coordinating activity (Borja de Mozota, 1998). It is a creative and management process.Design is a process that has four essent ial characteristics (Walsh et al, 1992). The 4Cs creativity the creation of something refreshingComplexity decisions on large number of parameters and variables via media Balancing multiples and conflicting requirements cream making choices amongst many workable solutions to a problem at all levelsWhy is Design all important(p)?Design enhances products, communication, environment and corporate identity. Design objective is to create racy satisfaction for engineer customers and profits for the enterprise. It is an important strategic tool in firms un expiration search for a sustainable competitive advantage.Design seeks to shop and assess structural, organisational, functional, expressive and economic relationships with the task of enhancing global sustainability, environmental protection, gravid benefits and freedom to entire human community, supporting cultural diversity despite the globalisation of world. (Borja de Mozota, 2003). Designers play an important role in how c ompanies use information, how product information is documented and communicated (Lawson 1990, vossoughi 1998, French 1994). Design involves finding and identifying problems as often as solving them (Lawson, p.136, 1994).What is Design Management?Peter Gorb, 1990 defines design management as the in effect(p) deployment of the design resources available to a company by line managers in order to help the company achieve its objectives. Design management involves managing the creative process within the corporation and managing the company harmonise to design principles. it is about managing the processes of innovation and design.Design management analyzes the diverse elements required for the victorful integration of design as an essential component of design strategy (Gianfranco Zaccai).Importance of design management pg 68 creativity is a process which results in a novel work that is accepted as tenable or useful or satisfying by a group at some point in time (Stein 1956). Cre ativity has been considered as a type of problem solving (Matlin, 2002). Puccio, 1997 illustrated that creativity contributes to effective leadership and disc overing new and better ways of solving problems, the effective use of human resources and the rapid growth of competition in the business.Design is regarded as a creative process. The process has five phases, each having a opposite objective and corresponds to the production of visual outputs. (Borja de Mozota, 2003) These design phases be identical no matter what the design project is.PHASES OBJECTIVE VISUAL OUTPUTS0. Investigating whim Brief1. Research Concept Visual concept2. Exploration Choice of style Rough of ideas, Sketches, Roughof presentations3. Development Prototype detail good drawings, Functional type, 3-D mock up for visualcorrectness4. realisation Test Documents of execution,Prototype5. Evaluation growthion Illustration of the productThe design process (Borja de Mozota, 2003)In preliminary phase, the idea is generated and the problem is identified which evict be solved by the design. In phase 1, the designer analyzes the stead of product and discovers the technical and functional parameters of the project. In phase 2, the designer makes rough sketches of different possibilities using all his creative resources for the clients. Selection is made between different solutions which atomic number 18 to be true in phase 3. In phase 3, the selected solution is formally represented in three dimensions. The model is used for various tests and the final model is then adopted ending the creative process. In phase 4, the designer whole shebang on fruition of a prototype for the project. This requires the collaboration of different departments. In phase 5, tests be launched in three different directions technical control, calculation test, and marketing evaluation.FCUKFrench connection, also known as fcuk, founded in 1972 by Stephen Marks was designed to create modish clothing submited a t a broad target market. French link offers a excogitate-forward clothing range with a far-out spin on design, priding itself on quality and cheap prices. Fcuk represents French society United Kingdom, and is the casual French tie clothing range it has create into a brand name which is highly renowned and an acronym that re recents to the French federation logo. The French Connection brand operates in the fashion-orientated high street retail market offering a fashion-forward range of quality products at affordable prices. Customers, typically aged 18-35, appreciate that the brand is at the leading leap of high street fashion and offers quality and style in its products. The design teams are based in London and products are manufactured in specialist facilities in Europe and Asia (Fcuk.com, 2009). French Connections operations cover some(prenominal) distribution channels, from their own retail outlets, wholesalers in North America, franchises, mail order, to subsidizatio n stores in a variety of department stores much(prenominal) as Selfridges. French Connection is now one of the most recognisable fashion brands on the high street with a global reach, operating in over 30 countries, with over 1,000 stockists worldwide (fcuk.com, 2009). In February 2001, French Connection give 23 million pounds sterling to its US joint venture partner in crime Best of All Clothing who had been operating the 24 French Connection stores before the buyout. Now French Connection holds complete independent ownership.Product/service offeringThe company design ranges of products for both men and women from under habilitate to outer enter, casual wear to suits, denim, accessories and childrens wear. French Connection has expanded into new markets at a phenomenal rate and the product range is now staggeringly diversified. The company began by selling clothing to the mens and womens market, originating as a fashionable clothing range, and has now extended its brand in rece nt days to include fashion accessories, make-up, toiletries, even condoms and not forgetting more recently alky drinks. Brand licensing plays an important part of the companys strategic plans for expansion with licensing deals revenue. The company has developed into a brand licensing company rather than solely a fashion retailer. The brand had even expanded into radio, with the launch of FCUK FM. The core plan buns the idea is to target 18- to 35 year old to the brand in the future. Fcuk follows a specific pattern to achieve its organisation goals. FCUK advertised look to bed in publications, print ads in magazines that included cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Maxim and FHM whose readerships were generally consisted of girls in their early and middle teenage years. Fcuk rested convinced that the campaign was rightfulness for its target market. Focus remains to produce fashion-forward products to build on the success of the ladies wear ranges (Fcuk.com, FY09 presentation).USPsFrenc h connections controversial ad campaigns with the fcuk fashion developed the brands bold, and humourous attitude that has made customers think with a desire to be innovative, classifiable and yet be affordable and accessible. Their adverts are not like the popular fashion advertising, they leave it open to interpretation of the customer. Fcuk witnessed a sudden reduce in late 1980s, but it became one of the hottest brands in England in late 1990s and early 2000s, thanks to its controversial marketing campaign and later(prenominal) rebranding. FCUK has always adopted out of the way advertising and selling techniques, for shell their logo FCUK, or the eye catching visuals on the high streets. Accessories such as hats, sunglasses, backpacks, fragrances and the companys new cosmetics line complement the brands fashion (Plunkett 2009). The fcuk logo works as a uncommon selling point for the brand and separates it from its competitors. in addition the exclusive designs, customer sa tisfaction and service provided by the employees are the unique selling points of the brand. French connection has become synonymous with style and fashion. It strives to mention the brand credibility and its uniqueness in the market. Innovation and creativity are the characteristic of the designs and the company blends high quality with exciting ideas as wellhead as affordability.Multi -Channel StrategyApart from the store network such as mail order and the internet the company uses a number of opposite lucrative channels. With e-tailing, French Connection realised how important their online business is, where they were baseball diamond to win the rights to fcuk.com. In addition to these varied channels deployed, French Connection also grants licenses to retailers worldwide in order to expand their business into new markets. French Connection is aware of the volatility of expanding into new markets. Therefore they are more cautious and get involved with their licensees to follo w get along with.FCUK and the MarketFrench Connection operates as a multiple specialist fashion retailer, competing against the likes of Zara, HM, reach Shop, Miss Selfridge, Next, River Island and Warehouse. This industry is highly competitive with numerous international brands fight in the segment. As like all other fashion retailers FCUK has monitored the progress of the Spanish clothing brand Zara. Due to Zaras lean production and high-octane logistics, it has taken over a huge share of the market. To compete with them, the design and production teams at FCUK now only commit to less than threescore percent before the launch of the season .The company acknowledges that speed-to-market is crucial in order to give customers what they want, when they want, at the price they want. It sells its products at higher price points than the likes of Zara and HM. However daring its marketing may have been, French Connections clothes were in reality considerably less interesting than tho se stocked at faster-growing rivals Zara and HM, and the truth finally caught up with the company in 2004. That year, sales began to dimmed significantly, encouraging the company finally to drop the FCUK slogan from its advertising. That tactic failed to contract the decline in performance. In May 2009, French Connection announce that like-for-like sales in the UK and Europe rose by 2% during the 3 months ending 16th May, thanks to a strong performance in the women wear sector. Total retail sales in the UK and Europe were up by 8% over the period. French Connection said that women wear had continued to show growth, but that menswear remained difficult (mintel.com).Read Supply chain report.http//tutor2u.net/business/strategy/what_is_strategy.htmConclusionFrench Connection has set a personality to its brand, which is exciting and original this is considered to be exceptional with the number of different brands in the high street. The key to their success is a combination of their fashionable clothing range, affordable pricing, merchandising, and controversial advertising. As the brand is continuously innovating itself, they aim to create more fashionable clothing ranges by taking the tactile sensation from important people in the fashion industry. The advertising will remain innovative and creative but will focus more on the clothes itself creating a unique look that is distinctively, French connection. The brand celebrates case-by-case fashion whilst constantly developing products, market and future goals to expand

Corporate Social Responsibility Stakeholders

in integrated Social Responsibility StakeholdersThis particular paper is based on the stakeholders spot towards a CSR. The arguments in this paper include the stakeholder opening, stakeholders and CSR relations and fin eithery the stakeholders thought on CSR. Corporate social personal line of credit has evolved as a world(a) phenomenon that encompasses businesses, consumers, semipolitical sciences, and civil ordering, and m two memorial tablets.There atomic number 18 variant definitions proposed by various researchers for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), but still it remains an incertain and is poorly defined with few explanations. First, the issues that a CSR must address should be easily interpreted so that it includes virtually everyone and everything. Second, with its unique, often particular characteristics, various stakeholder groups tend to focus only on specific issues that they believe argon the al to the highest degree appropriate and applicable in br asss corporate social obligation programs. Thus, the beliefs about what constitutes a socially responsible and sustainable pre casential term look on the vista of the stakeholder.This will be further elaborated in the later parts of the paper.Defining Corporate Social Responsibility and StakeholdersAlthough the most basic of definition CSR spots it as a social obligation for an organization (Bowen, 1953), which is conceptually and operationally diverse. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development in its publication Making Good Business Senseby entitle Holme and Richard Watts, used the following definition (Mallens CSR blog).Corporate Social Responsibility is the go on commitment by business to be shit ethically and contribute to stinting development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as healthful as of the local community and society at large.Stakeholders are described broadly by freeman and Reed (1983) as any identifiable gr oup or individual who sack up affect the execution of an organizations objectives or who is affected by the achievement of an organizations objectives.In opposite words, aperson,group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it canful affect or be affected by theorganizationsactions,objectives, andpolicies. Key stakeholders in a business organisation include creditors, customers, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources.Although stake-holding is usually self-legitimizing (those whojudgethemselves to be stakeholders are stakeholder), all stakeholders are not equal and antithetic stakeholders are entitled to different considerations. For example, a companys customers are entitled to fair tradingpracticesbut they are not entitled to the same consideration as the companys employees.Stakeholder TheoryAs noted previously, the marche s stakeholder stands for frettinged constituencies who are affected by or able to affect a tum (Freeman Reed, 1983). Stakeholder as an umbrella term for groups with a vested spare-time activity in an organization includes customers, employees, business partners, communities, investors and the environment.The theoretical modelling of this paper reflecting stakeholders perspective is and then based primarily on stakeholder opening. Stakeholder theory of the watertight proposes that the nature of an organizations stakeholders, their values, their relative ferment on decisions and the nature of the line are all applicable information for predicting organizational behaviour and outcomes (Brenner and Cochran, 1991). The objectives of a corporation can only be achieved by protecting and balancing the interests of these different groups of stakeholders. The pluralistic nature of stakeholder theory is based on the vox populi that there are many groups in society besides owners and employees to whom the corporation is responsible (Freeman, 1999). As a descriptive theory, stakeholder theory has been used to describe the nature of the firm (Brenner and Cochran, 1991), counselling of corporations, and how board directors think about the interests of corporate constituencies. From an instrumental perspective, the theory is used to identify the connection between stakeholder counsel and the achievement of corporate social responsibility (Kotter and Heskett, 1992). In this respect, the theory can be regarded as a perspective of the firm that focuses on the headland of which stakeholders deserve or require management attention.Concern for StakeholdersThe concern for stakeholders by corporate leaders is expected to have a significant influence on the formulation and implementation of a firms strategy (Frooman, 1991). Such a concern will also have significant impact on how the strategies an organization uses to deal with multiple stakeholders will change as the organization evolves through the stages of formation, growth, maturity, and decline or revitalisation. This will bequeath a relevant framework for assessing the roles, rights, responsibilities, and legitimacies of different actors in the interaction between organizations and their environment (Freeman, 1999). The concern for stakeholders by corporate directors has some important implications for corporate governance. Corporations can be more responsive to the interests of society as a whole by incorporating the participation of stakeholders in their boards of directors. The stakeholder approach to the role of the governing board expects the organization leaders, much(prenominal) as corporate directors, to negotiate and compromise with stakeholders in the interest of the corporation.Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Social ResponsibilityThe prevalence of stakeholder theory is grounded in the belief that CSR-stakeholder relationships are the essential assets that corporates must m anage. While CSR aims to define what responsibilities business ought to fulfil, the stakeholder concept addresses the issue of whom business is or should be historyable to. twain concepts are closely inter-related. However, while the CSR concept still suffers from a level of abstraction, the stakeholder approach offers a practical alternative for assessing the performance of firms as well as the key stakeholder groups.Stakeholder theory has accordingly witnessed a modernistic revival and dominance in the context of CSR. Brenner and Chochran suggested as early as 1991 that stakeholder theory holds the promise of becoming the theoretical centre-piece in a field that is inquiring for workable paradigms. Doh and Guay (2006) similarly find the adoption of a stakeholder model as a potentially appropriate and insightful theoretical lens, given its ability to systematically identify social stakeholder issues, and establish specific measures of performance. An organizations stakeholder management data can thus be gathered and compared to other(a) firms inside and across industries, making social auditing for internal and external use both practical and possible. Along these lines, this paper has tried to make the case for a stakeholder approach to CSR, by arguing that(1) Stakeholder theory in all its trinity veins or branches can bring to the fore a set of new insights for CSR academics and practitioners(2) The language of stakeholder theory is easy to grasp by corporates as most firms come across and define obligations and responsibilities as well as their traditional stakeholders and(3) Stakeholder theory seems easier to plan in collecting and analysing CSR data as evidenced by the proliferation of empirical studies that have essentially integrated a stakeholder approach to CSR.It thus increasingly represents a concrete alternative to traditional models. It is also find that the stakeholder management is affected by the relational attributes of stakeholders and the pressures they can exert on corporations, while also noting the increased proficiency of corporates in balancing a broader range of stakeholder interests.CSR in the Stakeholders PerspectiveCorporate now has spent decades to resurrect not only a firms economic but also a social responsibility. This challenged a discussion in corporations what corporate responsibility should be. In the past, the CSR approach was useful to foster these important discussions and thus it is important to crumple it from different perspectives, for what CSRs should be responsible. It seems that the CSR responsibilities are not very promising to understand real-world situations for three main reasons. First, the concept of CSR itself is not distinguishable as most decisions of businesses are not purely economic, legal, ethical, or philanthropic. Consequently and by agreeing with Freeman (1994), the separation of economic and social responsibilities to which the CSR approach contributes is rejected . Second, another argument raised(a) by Freeman (2004) against the CSR concept comes in the form of a risk that business could treat their CSR activities as moral substitutes to compensate for other exacting activities. And third, we argue that the general responsibilities implied by the CSR approach cant neither account for the specificity of an individual firm nor for the specific stakeholder network where it is embedded in.Summing up, it can be claimed, similar to Freeman (2004) that corporate responsibility should refer to a firms strategically relevant stakeholders. Thus, mainly the instrumental framework of the stakeholders view, that sees strategic stakeholders as the midpoint of corporate wealthiness creation. Within the stakeholder view, stakeholders can be defined as all individuals and constituencies that contribute, either voluntarily or involuntarily, to its wealth-creating capacity and activities, and are indeed its potential beneficiaries and/or risk bearers.Bas ed on this definition the stakeholders can be distinguished in four categories benefit-providers/receivers and/or risk-providers/bearers. This comprehensive stakeholder perspective not only considers resource-based (e.g. employees, investors) and market-based stakeholders (e.g. customers, business partners, competitors) but also social and political stakeholders (e.g. government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) media).The stakeholder view framework is used here because its normative core i.e., a comprehensive understanding of property rights is one of the most important principles of our society (Friedman, 1970). The stakeholder view enhances the idea of property right to not only those parties who provide financial resources but also to all those that contribute other firm-specific investments such as knowledge, networks etc. We argue that such a consideration of stakeholders as those individuals and groups that contribute to the firms wealth creation process can serve as a u seful foundation for thinking about corporate responsibilities. It is thereby important that this wealth creation process is not viewed in a one-sided fashion from the corporations perspective, but also from the stakeholders perspective. The corporation is only legitimized in its existence if it creates wealth for and with its strategic stakeholders.Therefore in the stakeholder view, the origin for the responsibility concerning firms stakeholders is based on their existence and position within the corporate wealth creation process. In the stakeholder view, the stakeholders ought to participate because corporate wealth distribution is nonionic according to the stakeholders contributions and their risk adoption in the wealth creation process. corresponding to the shareholders who are compensated for the use of their capital and the risk involved, all other relevant stakeholders ought to be included in the wealth distribution.After the expenditures have been compensated according to the complete contracts, a residual profit emerges from which not only the shareholders, but also all other strategically relevant stakeholders should benefit. In reality, the assessment of all these values is not necessarily predetermined. Rather, scopes of discretion exist, as can be experienced in determining the stipend of shareholders. Thus, the dissemination of residual profits to the stakeholders is subject to scope of discretion.Summing up, the stakeholder view claims for a corporate responsibility that takes into account stakeholders contributions to the corporate wealth creation process. Therefore, the firm is responsible to reduce risk and increase benefits for stakeholders at one side but also for a fair distribution of benefits at the other side.

The Levels Are Core Product Benefits Marketing Essay

The Levels Are Core Product Benefits market EssayBMW has the image of a premium car manufacturer who is know for its well driving cars with a sportier performance than their competition, prime face of this is the fact that BMW only produces rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive cars. Their premium image comes from the fact that they produce gritty- smell and relatively high prices cars. Even though their prices argon relatively high the perceived hold dear level is still at a sufficient level beca mapping of the equilibrate with high quality.One of the core product benefits would be applied science. For example economicDynamics which manages to dismount burn consumption without really compromising the performance BMW is cognize for, by dint of means such as lightweight construction, a start-stop function, brake strength regeneration and tires with less roll resistance just to name a few. BMW has won many awards for innovation for mea certain(a)s such as these so their t echnology is at a high and innovative level.Product AttributesBMW was founded in 1916 and its graduation car went on sale in 1929, a well known and old brand known for its innovation is one of the strengths BMW can underframe on. Not only in the elevator car branch but to a fault known for its aircraft engines and motorcycles.Design, especially under Christopher Bangle recent human body has been an grand factor, loved by some hated by others the new design direction Bangle took was a hot topic in automobile discussions. What cannot be denied is that BMWs gravel a distinctive design with some elements that have been in its cars for decades. For example the characteristic grille, first introduced in 1933 and still in use on e real car model BMW manufactures. Another region of design is that BMW designs all its products with recycle in mind, Design for Recycling makes sure that the right materials are used and recycling is easier because it is being accounted for at a design sta ge.BMW has a programme called BMW Individual in which such as the name states a customer can customise its car to prominent extent. Options such as sole(prenominal) paint, leather colours and types and more encompassing audio/video possibilities are all part of this programme, all to occupy the customer to the greatest extent.Support ServicesThe normal delivery of an automobile consists of having it made ready by your dealer and having it delivered to your home. With BMW it is possible to pick it up at the factory it was produced at and have a tour in that location for example and visit the BMW museum, it is level possible for American customers to make use of this programme and BMW will even take care of the shipping afterwards. An exclusive offering which turns a simple delivery into a whole experience.BMW offers a long 12 year warranty on the body of the car, 3 years on the paintwork and 2 years on the rest with no maximum get of kilometres used. Furthermore there are prog rammes that countenance you to take out the warranty beyond this time for a premium.Every consumer has access to the BMW class Service Center which can be phoned 24/7 and is reposition of charge.BMW as well offers BMW Financial Services, which is a ingest and financing company. They offer lease agreements but also insurance, not only on cars but they even offer home or travel insurance.To summarize BMW produces high quality products which have a few characteristics they are well known for. in that location are many factors in which BMW has a great product strategy but the most notable factors would be driving quality, BMWs offer a high degree of performance in its cars. Also one very important factor is its technology, most notably EfficientDynamics through which BMW manages to level fuel consumption and emissions without compromising the quality driving it is known for. There is also the design which characterises its cars as typical BMW and last but not to the lowest deg ree the high level of support services.MiscellaneousOne of the biggest issues global society is facing is global warming, this is especially important in the automotive assiduity as their products play a (large) part in this issue.Car manufacturers flavor a bit of a paradox, their product is inherently harmful to the purlieu yet at the same time they try to be as environmentally aware as possible.BMW not only tries to be environmentally conscious in their products they also strive to be this in their organisation.As stated on their website all BMW Group employees are guided by the ICCs Business Charter for Sustainable Development. Managers are stimulated to implement environmental guidelines and convey this message onto their employees. Just some examples are reducing the amount of paperwork that goes with every car as it goes down the production-line in the factory to slenderise the amount of paper used. Turning off unused factory equipment in the weekends. Grouping the produ ction of same coloured cars together so that the photograph equipment has to be cleaned and sterilized less often.BMW Group acknowledges its responsibilities and commits to apply latest the technologies in order to enhance safety and lower fuel consumption and ruffle and exhaust emissions. As stated previously BMW applies Design for Recycling in which at the design stage there is already being accounted for optimizing the recycling process. BMW also is developing alternative fuel technologies such as BMW CleanEnergy which allows for the use of liquid hydrogen as a fuel. Furthermore BMW Group suppliers are required to adhere to the standards which BMW applies to its organisation and products.It is through technologies such as BMW Efficient Dynamics that the consumer is actually experiencing a lower fuel consumption and lower emissions. All of this achieved through lightweight construction, energy management and modern technology. For example in the Netherlands BMW has 129 models wh ich have a green label, greener labels in turn allow for lower costs for the car.To summarize, although BMWs product is harmful to the environment they try to derogate this through the use of company-wide policies and design philosophy to ensure environmentally conscious production and technology to minimize fuel consumption and emissions.SourcesEssentials of Global Marketing Svend Hollensenhttp//www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/overview.htmlhttp//www.bmw-warranty.co.uk/Pages/Information.aspx?page=Products/Comparison.htmhttp//www.bmwusa.com/Standard/Content/Owner/BMWUltimateService/Warranty.aspxhttp//www.bmw.co.uk/bmwuk/about/ corp/environmenthttp//www.bmwusfactory.com/Environment.aspx?id=282